What is HPA dysfunction? What are the main types?

HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis dysfunction refers to disruptions in the system that regulates stress responses, energy metabolism, immune function, and more.

There are many forms, with the primary ones being

• Hyperactivation, or elevated cortisol

• Hypoactivation, or low cortisol

• Dysregulated diurnal rhythm

• Stress maladaptation

• Feedback loops disconnection

• Impaired communication with other systems

These often overlap and can result from chronic stress, trauma, infection, or other systemic imbalances.

In terms of disease, HPA axis dysfunction might include Addison's Disease (an autoimmune condition); Cushing's Syndrome (prolonged exposure to excessive cortisol, possibly from adrenal tumours or overuse of corticosteroids); or Hypopituitarism (damage or dysfunction in the pituitary gland causing cortisol production).

Addressing the root cause of all these forms of dysfunction, which is what I love to do, and supporting overall resilience is key to restoring health and balance.