About the gut-histamine connection

Histamine is known for its role in immune responses, inflammation and allergic reactions. But it plays important roles in gut function and regulation, and as a neurotransmitter.

how the gut-histamine connection works

Here's how the gut–histamine connection works…

• Histamine is produced by mast cells and basophils in response to immune triggers, allergens, pathogens and other stimuli. Also, certain bacteria in the gut microbiome can produce histamine as a metabolic by-product

• In the gut, histamine interacts with receptors distributed throughout the gut lining and digestive organs

• Histamine receptors in the gut influence smooth muscle contractions and peristalsis for moving food through the digestive tract. Histamine can stimulate or inhibit gut motility depending on the specific receptor subtype

• Receptors also regulate the secretion of gastric acid, enzymes, mucous, and more eg stomach H2 receptors stimulate the production of gastric acid

• Histamine contributes to immune and inflammatory responses in the gut by modulating the activity of immune cells, cytokine production and vascular permeability. Excess or dysregulated histamine release can lead to inflammation, tissue damage and gut symptoms

• Imbalances in histamine levels or dysregulation of receptors are involved in gut disorders like IBS, IBD, food intolerances and functional gut disorders such as bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea

• The gut microbiota also plays a critical role in histamine metabolism and regulation. Some gut bacteria produce histamine, while others degrade it. Dysbiosis, or imbalances, can affect histamine levels and symptoms

Strategies for addressing histamine issues include identifying and temporarily avoiding high histamine foods, supporting gut microbiota balance, addressing underlying gut disorders, and modulating histamine receptor activity using a unique personalised approach.