The relationship beween our gut microbiome and fatty liver (NAFLD)

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is characterised by the accumulation of excess fat in liver cells in people who consume little to no alcohol.

It's a significant health issue, and is closely associated with obesity, t2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and I've found, halitosis.

But its relationship with our gut microbiome is interesting.

• Dysbiosis - This refers to an imbalance in the gut microbiome, and has been linked to NAFLD development and progression

• Metabolic endotoxemia - Dysbiosis can lead to increased intestinal permeability, or leaky gut, allowing bacterial toxins like lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to enter the bloodstream. This can trigger systemic inflammation and contribute to insulin resistance, a key factor in NAFLD

• Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) - are what a healthy gut microbiome produces through the fermentation of dietary fibres. They have anti-inflammatory properties and are beneficial for liver health. A disrupted microbiome can lead to less SCFA production, exacerbating NAFLD

• Fat metabolism - Some bacterial populations can influence how fats are absorbed and metabolised, impacting liver fat accumulation

• Inflammation - Altered gut microbiota can lead to increased inflammation, contributing to liver inflammation and the progression towards NASH

• Dietary Influence - Diet significantly impacts our gut microbiome composition. Diets high in refined sugars, unhealthy fats and low in fibre can promote dysbiosis, while a diet rich in whole foods, fibres, and fermented foods can support a healthier microbiome.